IDENTIFIKASI PENYAKIT DOMINAN KELAPA SAWIT MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN VISUAL PADA TANAMAN BELUM MENGHASILKAN, TANAMAN MENGHASILKAN, SERTA PENGENDALIANNYA YANG BISA DILAKUKAN DI PERKEBUNAN PT. XY
IDENTIFICATION OF DOMINANT OIL PALM DISEASES USING A VISUAL APPROACH IN IMMATURE PALM, MATURE PALM, AND THEIR CONTROL MEASURES AT PT. XY PLANTATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jurnalhpt.2025.013.1.1Keywords:
Jamur, kelapa sawit, penyakit, podsolik, viroidAbstract
Luas perkebunan kelapa sawit di suatu wilayah tidak selalu berkorelasi langsung dengan tingkat produksi dalam suatu periode tertentu. Kejadian penyakit tanaman merupakan salah satu faktor utama yang berkontribusi terhadap penurunan hasil panen. Namun, upaya prevensi dan mitigasi sulit diterapkan akibat keterbatasan pengetahuan petani mengenai gejala penyakit dan strategi pengelolaannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi penyakit dominan yang menyerang tanaman kelapa sawit pada fase tanaman menghasilkan serta mengetahui agen penyebabnya sebagai referensi dalam identifikasi dan pengendalian penyakit di lahan kering marginal. Studi eksploratif dilakukan pada Januari hingga April 2022 di perkebunan kelapa sawit PT. XY, Batu Ampar, Kabupaten Tanah Laut, Kalimantan Selatan. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi visual terhadap gejala penyakit yang muncul pada tanaman, kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan membandingkan hasil temuan di lapangan dengan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi empat penyakit dominan, yaitu busuk pangkal batang, busuk pucuk, busuk akar, dan bercak daun. Penyakit ini diduga kuat disebabkan oleh infeksi cendawan patogen, termasuk Ganoderma sp., Phytophthora palmivora, Pythium sp., Rhizoctonia sp., Curvularia sp., serta Coconut Cadang-Cadang Viroid.
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